__bridge 和 Core Foundation

这篇知识比较偏，是偏低层一些的。

一：__birdge

由于__bridge很少接触，所以专门去查找了一下。其实它的作用很简单，就是：实现id类型与void* 类型的相互转换。

看下代码：

id obj = [[NSObject alloc]init];
void *c = (__bridge void *)(obj); 
id d = (__bridge id)(c);
NSLog(@"\n obj=%@,\n c=%@,\n d=%@\n",obj,c,d);

这里我们就用到了__bridge。
打印结果如下：

下面看下使用和不使用__bridge的对比

二：Core Foundation

1、什么是Core Foundation

Core Foundation框架 (CoreFoundation.framework) 是一组C语言接口，它们为iOS应用程序提供基本数据管理和服务功能。

注：Core Foundation是底层框架，它的对象并不在ARC管理下，所以需要开发者自己去维护这些对象的引用计数。

2、Core Foundaton 的作用
至于它的作用，这里有一段英文解释：

The programming interfaces of Core Foundation objects have been designed for ease of use and reuse. At a general level, Core Foundation:
Enables sharing of code and data among various frameworks and libraries.
Makes some degree of operating-system independence possible .
Supports internationalization with Unicode strings.
Provides common API and other useful capabilities, including a plug-in architecture, XML property lists, and preferences.
Core Foundation makes it possible for the different frameworks and libraries on OS X to share code and data. Applications, libraries, and frameworks can define C routines that incorporate Core Foundation types in their external interfaces; they can thus communicate data—as Core Foundation objects—to each other through these interfaces.

翻译后，大致意思是这样的：

Core Foundation对象的编程接口已设计为易于使用和重用。 在一般的意义，Core Foundation：
1、支持在各种框架和库之间共享代码和数据
2、使某种程度的操作系统独立性成为可能
3、支持使用Unicode字符串进行国际化
4、提供通用API和其他有用的功能，包括插件架构，XML属性列表和首选项
Core Foundation使得OS X上的不同框架和库可以共享代码和数据。 应用程序，库和框架可以定义在其外部接口中并入Core Foundation类型的C例程; 它们因此可以通过这些接口将数据作为Core Foundation对象传递到彼此。

三、Objective-C 和 Core Foundation 对象之间转换

iOS允许Objective-C 和 Core Foundation 对象之间可以轻松的转换。

在《iOS开发进阶》一书中，唐巧提到：在ARC下，有时候需要将一个Core Foundation对象转换成一个Object-C对象，这个时候我们需要告诉编译器，转换过程中引用计数需要如何调整，这时也会用到bridge这个关键字。

• __bridge: 只做类型转换，不修改相关对象的引用计数，原来的Core Foundation对象在不用时，需要调用CFRelease方法。
• __bridge_retained: 类型转换后将相关对象的引用计数加1，原来的Core Foundation对象在不用时，需要调用CFRelease方法。
• __bridge_transfer: 类型转换后，将该对象的引用计数交给ARC管理，Core Foundation对象在不用时，不再需要调用CFRelease方法。

---

__bridge:

    id obj = [[NSObject alloc]init];
//    void *a = obj;
//    id b = a;
    void *c = (__bridge void *)(obj);//只做类型转换，不修改相关对象的引用计数
    NSLog(@"obj-c count is %ld", CFGetRetainCount(c));//输出结果： obj-c count is 1
    id d = (__bridge id)(c); 
    NSLog(@"obj-d retainCount %ld",CFGetRetainCount((__bridge CFTypeRef)(d)));//输出结果：obj-d retainCount 2
    NSLog(@"\n obj=%@,\n c=%@,\n d=%@\n",obj,c,d);
    //__bridge
    CFStringRef CFString = CFStringCreateWithCString(kCFAllocatorDefault, "hello Core Foundation", kCFStringEncodingASCII);
    NSLog(@"CFString retainCount= %ld",CFGetRetainCount(CFString));//CFString retainCount= 1
    NSString *string = (__bridge NSString *)CFString;
    NSLog(@"CFstring==%@,\nstring==%@\n",CFString,string);
    NSString *qStr = @"qgh";
    CFStringRef qCFStr = (__bridge CFStringRef)qStr;
    NSLog(@"qStr==%@,qCFStr==%@\n",qStr,qCFStr);
    NSArray *array = @[@"a",@"b",@"c",@"d",@"e",@"f",@"g",@"h"];
    CFArrayRef CFArray = (__bridge CFArrayRef)(array);
    NSLog(@"CFArray retainCount= %ld",CFGetRetainCount(CFArray));//CFArray retainCount= 1
    NSLog(@"array==%@",CFArray);

---

__bridge_transfer:

//__bridge_transfer:类型转换后，将该对象的引用计数交给ARC管理.
NSString *transferString = [[NSString alloc]initWithFormat:@"test:::__bridge_transfer"];
CFStringRef CFTransferString = (__bridge_retained CFStringRef)(transferString);
NSLog(@"CFTransferString count is %ld", CFGetRetainCount(CFTransferString));//CFTransferString count is 2
transferString = (__bridge_transfer NSString *)(CFTransferString);
NSLog(@"transferString count is %ld", CFGetRetainCount((__bridge CFTypeRef)(transferString)));//transferString count is 1

---

__bridge_retained:

//__bridge_retained: 类型被转换时，其对象的所有权也将被变换后变量所持有
void *y = 0;
id object = [[NSObject alloc]init];
y = (__bridge_retained void*)(object);//类型转换后将相关对象的引用计数加1
NSLog(@"object-y count is %ld", CFGetRetainCount(y));//object-y count is 2
NSLog(@"class=%@",[(__bridge id)(y) class]);